Digital Traceability Ecosystems for Resilient Halal Supply Chains Integrating Blockchain, IoT and Intelligent Compliance
Keywords:
Traceability, Blockchain, Logistics, Compliance, ResilienceAbstract
Cross-border halal supply chains face a persistent assurance problem: product integrity must remain verifiable while goods, data and custody move through increasingly complex logistics networks. This conceptual article examines how digital traceability ecosystems can strengthen resilience by integrating blockchain, Internet of Things technologies and intelligent compliance mechanisms. The analysis positions blockchain as an immutable assurance layer, connected sensors as a source of real-time operational evidence, and analytics as a mechanism for detecting anomalies and supporting anticipatory intervention. It identifies five interdependent constraints: fragmented certification semantics, integration and cybersecurity exposure, unequal digital readiness, socio-technical legitimacy, and the difficulty of scaling traceability without creating new sustainability burdens. The article argues that isolated technology adoption cannot resolve these constraints because the reliability of digital assurance depends on common data standards, interoperable architecture, organisational capability, trusted certification governance and accessible consumer verification. Strategic pathways are developed around a shared halal data architecture, modular and secure infrastructure, inclusive capability financing, trust-centred change, and resilient sustainability-oriented governance. The resulting perspective contributes to supply chain innovation by reframing halal traceability as an ecosystem capability rather than a single technological application. For managers and policymakers, the central implication is that digital transformation should be designed around coordinated evidence, decision rights and network participation so that efficiency, compliance, resilience and consumer confidence improve together.
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